Colorectal Cancer Before 50: The Lancet announces a special Series as a call to action

The rise of early-onset colorectal cancer incidence

Early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC), diagnosed before age 50, is becoming a major global public health concern. While colorectal cancer rates in older adults have stabilised or fallen alongside successful screening programmes, incidence in younger adults is increasing. This series was announced by the Lancet Regional Health–Europe in September 2026.

What might explain the rise?

The authors highlight a possible birth cohort effect: people born in different generations may experience different risks because of changing exposures throughout life. Obesity, Westernised diets, antibiotic use and changes in the gut microbiome are proposed contributors. However, specific causes remain uncertain, limiting opportunities for targeted prevention.