Effects of prolonged exposure to nitrogen dioxide and ozone on mortality: a warning for healthcare professionals

Prolonged exposure to air pollutants, such as nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and ozone (O₃), is increasingly linked to higher health risks, particularly concerning mortality. These gases, primarily emitted by road traffic and industrial activities, exacerbate respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, posing a major public health challenge. This study reexamines the long-term health effects of these pollutants, with a focus on mortality rates.

Effects of NO₂ and O₃ Exposure on Mortality

Drawing on epidemiological cohorts with decades of data, this study assessed the impact of long-term exposure to NO₂ and O₃ on mortality. Statistical models were employed to integrate and analyze the data and to assess result heterogeneity.

The study first demonstrates that an increase of 10 µg/m³ in NO₂ concentration is associated with a heightened risk of all-cause mortality. Significant associations were also observed between NO₂ exposure and specific diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) and acute respiratory infections.

Regarding O₃, annual exposure is correlated with increased mortality from respiratory diseases, although its overall impact on mortality is less pronounced.

Finally, the study highlights marked geographical heterogeneity, with more severe impacts observed in the Western Pacific region, where pollution levels are particularly high, compared to Europe and the Americas.

A silent threat to public health

The findings of this study confirm the undeniable link between prolonged exposure to air pollutants and a significant increase in mortality, underscoring the urgency of a proactive collective response. For healthcare professionals, these findings are not just a call to vigilance but also an opportunity to take a leading role in combating the health impacts of pollution. They must play a pivotal role in risk prevention by raising awareness among patients and recommending preventive strategies.