The decline in youth physical fitness: a major public health challenge

The decline in physical fitness among children and adolescents is a concerning public health issue. According to the WHO, fewer than 20% of young people meet the recommended daily physical activity guidelines, exposing them to increased risks of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. In light of this, aerobic training (AT) and resistance training (RT) have been identified as crucial strategies for enhancing youth physical development. But which type of training delivers the greatest benefits?

Key insights on training methods. Aerobic training, focused on enhancing cardiorespiratory endurance, strengthens the heart, optimizes blood circulation, and boosts physical stamina. Resistance training, targeting muscle and bone strength, plays a crucial role in injury prevention, posture improvement, and supporting bone growth.

How effective is combined training?

This study examined the impact of combined training (CT), which integrates AT and RT, on the physical fitness of 2,658 young people with an average age of 14.32 years. Researchers assessed key indicators such as VO2 max (cardiovascular endurance) and muscle power (vertical jump - CMJ).

Key findings include:

• Cardiovascular endurance: CT and AT produced similar improvements in VO2 max, but alternating AT and RT (CRED group) achieved the highest scores.
• Muscle power: CT outperformed RT alone in vertical jump performance, with consecutive RT-AT training (CRE) yielding the best results.
• Lower limb strength: Isolated RT remained the most effective. Overall, all these approaches, including HIIT, outperformed team sports in improving VO2 max.

Combined training: an effective strategy for enhancing youth fitness