Press review
The essentials of recent medical publications, unpacked by our newsroom into a clear, sourced digest, specialty by specialty.
GynecologyEffects of maternal posture on fetal malposition
Fetal malposition is associated with complications for the mother and/or fetus (prolonged labor, fetal distress, maternal exhaustion, need for cesarean section, perineal trauma, anal sphincter lesions, ...). In this Cochrane review, researchers assessed the effects of maternal posture on fetal malposition in late pregnancy. The aim was to determine whether positional interventions in late pregnanc
NeurologyBetween the central nervous system and the dura mater
The arachnoid barrier forms a boundary between the central nervous system and the dura mater. But communication between the central nervous system and the dura mater remains essential for waste elimination and immune surveillance. Using transcriptomic data, researchers have developed transgenic mice to better study the communication pathways between the central nervous system and the dura mater. B
PsychiatryLinks between stress and the immune system
Psychosocial stress has a major impact on health, particularly on immune system and brain function. Numerous studies have established a link between alterations in the immune system and stress-related disorders, such as major depressive disorder. In this study, researchers investigated the underlying mechanisms. They showed that matrix metalloproteinase 8 was increased in patients with major depre
Urology-nephrologyLong-term efficacy of dapagliflozin in type 2 diabetes
In this study, conducted between 2015 and 2020, the long-term efficacy of dapagliflozin on renal function and albuminuria in type 2 diabetic patients was evaluated. Study endpoints were changes in glomerular filtration rate, changes in albuminuria and changes in renal function. Patients in the non-dapagliflozin group were treated with DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1 analogues, hypoglycemic sulfonamides, p
Radiodiagnostics and Medical ImagingGadolinium-based contrast agents in the follow-up of primary brain tumors
Gadolinium-based contrast agents are used at all stages of MRI evaluation of primary brain tumors. Although they do not precisely measure tumor grade, they are regularly used for diagnosis and surveillance. Radiologists are frequently faced with the issue of repeated exposure of patients to these contrast agents, particularly in children. This review details the various situations in which the use
InfectiologyImpact of Covid-19 vaccination during pregnancy
In this large cohort study, conducted in Sweden and Norway between 2021 and 2023, researchers assessed the risk of neonatal adverse events following vaccination of pregnant women against Covid-19 with mRNA vaccines. A total of 196,470 newborns were analyzed. These children had no increased risk of adverse neonatal problems. They even had reduced risks of non-traumatic neonatal intracranial hemorrh
Dermatology and VenereologyStaphylococcus aureus infection and dry skin
In atopic dermatitis, skin dryness and recurrent eczema are associated. In patients with Alzheimer's disease, the risk of developing a Staphylococcus aureus skin infection is increased. In this study, researchers investigated how S. aureus infection could modulate and exacerbate skin dryness, through a type 2 inflammatory mechanism. In vivo, infection triggered the release of IL-33, induced by ski
HematologyFactor VIII and Von Willebrand factor
Coagulation factor VIII and Von Willebrand factor are essential for coagulation and platelet aggregation. In a meta-analysis including data from 45,289 patients, researchers here identified genetic associations between circulating levels of these two factors. They studied three genes causally involved in the release of factor VIII from human liver endothelial cells and Von Willebrand factor from h
Medical GeneticsChronic liver disease and musculoskeletal disorders
Potential links between chronic liver disease and musculoskeletal disorders are of interest to scientists, but causal relationships have yet to be evaluated. In this study, researchers used Mendelian randomization analyses to look for causal links between viral hepatitis, primary biliary cholangitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma on the one hand, and
Urology-nephrologyLe rôle de l’autophagie dans le traitement de la néphropathie diabétique par la rapamycine
Dans cette étude, des chercheurs ont examiné le rôle de l’autophagie dans le traitement de la néphropathie diabétique par la rapamycine. L’hyperglycémie pourrait inhiber l’activité autophagique des cellules mésangiales humaines, favoriser l’apoptose cellulaire, améliorer l’accumulation de la matrice extracellulaire et faciliter la progression de la néphropathie diabétique. Le traitement par la rap
Dermatology and VenereologyLa santé sexuelle dans l’hidrosadénite suppurée
L’hidrosadénite suppurée est une pathologie inflammatoire chronique associée à des douleurs intenses, un prurit et des pertes constantes, purulentes et malodorantes. De tels symptômes sont susceptibles de nuire à la santé sexuelle des patients. Dans cette étude transversale et multicentrique menée sur 199 patients, des chercheurs allemands ont évalué la santé sexuelle, la gravité de l’hidrosadénit
NeurologyComparaison de l’efficacité de 4 antimigraineux
Une revue systématique et une méta-analyse ont été effectuées pour comparer l’efficacité et l’innocuité de quatre médicaments, le lasmiditan, le rimegepant, l’ubrogepant et le zavegepant pour la prise en charge aiguë des migraines. Au total, 18 études, incluant 22 429 patients migraineux, ont été prises en compte. Par rapport à l’ubrogepant 25 et 50 mg et au zavegepant, le lasmiditan 100 et 200 mg