GLP-1 Analogues and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A New Approach Beyond Weight Loss?

By Ana Espino | Published on June 08, 2026 | 4 min read


Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders affecting women of reproductive age. Affecting approximately 12% of women worldwide, it is characterized by a variable combination of hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, and metabolic abnormalities. Obesity and insulin resistance, which are frequently associated with PCOS, worsen reproductive symptoms and increase the risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Given the limitations of conventional management strategies, which primarily rely on lifestyle modifications and metformin, GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs)—already widely used for the treatment of diabetes and obesity—have attracted growing interest. A systematic review published in 2025 evaluated the available evidence to assess their impact on the metabolic and reproductive outcomes of women with PCOS.

Much More Than an Anti-Obesity Treatment

The authors reviewed clinical trials published between 2000 and 2024 involving several GLP-1 receptor agonists, including liraglutide, semaglutide, exenatide, and dulaglutide. The studies mainly included overweight or obese women with PCOS who were followed for at least 12 weeks.

The findings consistently demonstrated significant reductions in body weight, typically ranging from 5 to 10 kg, depending on the drug and treatment protocol. Semaglutide appeared particularly promising, with some studies reporting weight losses exceeding 11 kg after six months of treatment. GLP-1 receptor agonists were also associated with reductions in visceral adipose tissue, which plays a major role in the metabolic complications of PCOS.

Beyond weight loss, several studies reported improvements in insulin sensitivity, reductions in chronic low-grade inflammation, and better glycemic control. Some evidence also suggested a reduction in hepatic steatosis and improvements in various cardiometabolic markers.


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Potential Benefits for Fertility and Hormonal Function

One of the most intriguing findings concerns the reproductive benefits observed in some patients. Several trials reported improvements in menstrual regularity, increased ovulation rates, and reductions in markers of hyperandrogenism, particularly the free androgen index.

Some studies also suggested higher rates of both spontaneous and in vitro fertilization (IVF)-assisted pregnancies. In obese women experiencing PCOS-related infertility, the combination of liraglutide and metformin resulted in higher pregnancy rates than metformin alone.

The mechanisms involved may extend beyond simple weight reduction. The authors highlight improvements in insulin resistance, reductions in hyperandrogenism, anti-inflammatory effects, and a potential influence on the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian axis. Since GLP-1 receptors have been identified within ovarian tissue, a direct effect on ovarian function is also considered possible.


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A Promising Strategy That Still Requires Confirmation

Despite these encouraging findings, the authors emphasize several important limitations. Most available studies were relatively short, with follow-up periods generally limited to six to eight months. Sample sizes were often modest, and study protocols varied considerably in terms of treatment regimens and dosages. Furthermore, as observed in trials involving obese patients, partial weight regain frequently occurred after treatment discontinuation. Data regarding long-term effects on fertility, pregnancy outcomes, and safety in women attempting to conceive remain limited.

Nevertheless, this review supports the view that GLP-1 receptor agonists may represent a particularly valuable therapeutic option for women with PCOS who are overweight or obese. By simultaneously improving body weight, glucose metabolism, and certain reproductive parameters, these therapies could significantly reshape the management of this complex condition. Larger randomized controlled trials will, however, be necessary to better define their role in future clinical guidelines.


About the author – Ana Espino
PhD in Immunology, specialized in Virology  
As a scientific writer, Ana is passionate about bridging the gap between research and real-world impact. With expertise in immunology, virology, oncology, and clinical studies, she makes complex science clear and accessible. Her mission: to accelerate knowledge sharing and empower evidence-based decisions.