Effects of vitamin and mineral supplementation on cognitive functions

In this American study, researchers evaluated the long-term effects of vitamin and mineral supplementation on cognitive function using neuropsychological assessments. Additionally, they conducted a meta-analysis to assess the effects of such supplementation on global cognition. The tested supplements included cocoa extract (containing 500 mg of flavonols per day) and vitamin and mineral complexes recommended for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases and cancer in the U.S. Neuropsychological assessments showed a modest benefit of supplementation on global cognition over two years. The effect was particularly beneficial for episodic memory and more modest for executive function and attention. The meta-analysis, meanwhile, revealed a clear benefit on global cognition and episodic memory.