Neurofilament light chain as a promising biomarker for the diagnosis of depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis

This meta-analysis, based on four articles with six datasets, revealed that plasma NfL levels were significantly higher in people suffering from depression (228 cases) compared with healthy controls (118 individuals). The weighted mean difference (WMD) was 8.78 (95% CI: 5.28, 12.28; P < 0.01), indicating a significant effect size. Given the diversity of confounding factors inherent in the included observational studies, the observed variability can be attributed to these influences. Due to the observed heterogeneity (Chi-square heterogeneity: 54.91, p < 0.05), the authors performed a subgroup analysis. Subgroup analyses based on depression type and analysis method consistently supported the association between NfL and depression, strengthening the evidence.

CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis demonstrates that high levels of NfL may serve as a promising biomarker for the diagnosis of depressive disorders. Further research on various subtypes and longitudinal changes is needed to validate its clinical utility.