Management of Clostridioides difficile infections

Clostridioides difficile infection is the most common nosocomial infection in the United States. On an individual level, it is associated with potentially fatal complications, while representing a significant burden in terms of healthcare costs for the healthcare system. Proper use of antibiotics and discontinuation of chronic antacids are essential for its prevention and treatment. Effective management of the infection requires appropriate interpretation of diagnostic tests, and first-line prescription of vancomycin and fidaxomicin. New treatments such as bezlotoxumab, fecal microbiota transplantation and live biotherapeutics have proved effective in recurrent C. difficile infections, thanks to their action on dysbiosis.