Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease: Cellular Stress and Nerve Degeneration?

By Ana Espino | Published on June 19, 2026 | 4 min read

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is the most common inherited peripheral neuropathy. It is characterized by progressive damage to motor and sensory nerves, leading to muscle weakness, sensory impairment, and walking difficulties. Although more than 130 genes have been identified as contributors to this disorder, the mechanisms explaining why certain peripheral neurons are particularly vulnerable remain poorly understood.

In a review published in Cells, researchers propose a new perspective on CMT associated with mutations in the HSPB1 gene, one of the known causes of axonal forms of the disease. According to the authors, the condition does not result solely from a genetic defect but rather from a complex interaction between genetic predisposition and environmental stressors. Peripheral neurons, which are exposed throughout life to significant mechanical, metabolic, and environmental challenges, may be especially susceptible to this harmful combination.